Back هودو (مذهب روحي) Arabic Hoodoo Catalan Húdú Czech Hwdw (dewiniaeth werin) Welsh Hoodoo (Magie) German Hoodoo Spanish Hoodoo Finnish Hoodoo (croyance) French Hoodoo (magia) Italian Hoodoo (magie) Dutch
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| Hoodoo | |
|---|---|
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| Type | Syncretic: African diaspora religions |
| Region | American South, United States Carolina Lowcountry, Sea Islands of the Gullah Geechee Corridor, Louisiana, North Carolina, Gulf Coast, Tidewater region (Maryland/Virginia), Arkansas, Alabama, Tennessee, Affrilachia, East Texas, and Mississippi |
| Language | English, Sea Island Creole, AAVE, Louisiana Creole, Tutnese |
| Members | African Americans |
| Other name(s) | Lowcountry Voodoo Gullah Voodoo Rootwork Conjure Hudu Juju |
| Part of a series on |
| African Americans |
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Hoodoo is an ethnoreligion that, in a broader context, functions as a set of spiritual observances, traditions, and beliefs—including magical and other ritual practices—developed by enslaved African Americans in the Southern United States from various traditional African spiritualities and elements of indigenous American botanical knowledge.[1][2][3] Practitioners of Hoodoo are called rootworkers, conjure doctors, conjure men or conjure women, and root doctors. Regional synonyms for Hoodoo include rootwork and conjure.[4] As an autonomous spiritual system it has often been syncretized with beliefs from Islam brought over by enslaved West African Muslims, and Spiritualism.[5][6] Scholars define Hoodoo as a folk religion.
Some practice Hoodoo as an autonomous religion, some practice as a syncretic religion between two or more cultural religions, in this case being African indigenous spirituality and Abrahamic religion.[7][8]
Many Hoodoo traditions draw from the beliefs of the Bakongo people of Central Africa.[9] Over the first century of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, an estimated 52% of all enslaved Africans transported to the Americas came from Central African countries that existed within the boundaries of modern-day Cameroon, the Congo, Angola, Central African Republic, and Gabon.[10]
Following the Great Migration of African Americans, southern Hoodoo spread throughout the United States, although Hoodoo was practiced everywhere that Black people settled, voluntarily or involuntarily.
- ^ Raboteau, Albert (2004). Slave Religion: The "Invisible Institution" in the Antebellum South. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-802031-8.
- ^ Young, Jason (2007). Rituals of Resistance: African Atlantic Religion in Kongo and the Lowcountry South in the Era of Slavery. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-3719-2.
- ^ Chireau, Yvonne (1997). "Conjure and Christianity in the Nineteenth Century: Religious Elements in African American Magic". Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. 7 (2): 226. doi:10.1525/rac.1997.7.2.03a00030. JSTOR 1123979. S2CID 144404308.
- ^ Anderson, Jeffrey (2015). The Voodoo Encyclopedia Magic, Ritual, and Religion. ABC-CLIO. p. 125. ISBN 9781610692090.
- ^ Byron; Bryant; Chireau; Khabeer; Lovejoy; Lofton; Johnson (2014). "Theorizing Africana Religions: A Journal of Africana Religions Inaugural Symposium". Journal of Africana Religions. 2 (1): 125–160. doi:10.5325/jafrireli.2.1.0125. JSTOR 10.5325/jafrireli.2.1.0125. S2CID 142938123.
- ^ Hazzard-Donald, Katrina (2013). Mojo Workin The Old African American Hoodoo System. University of Illinois Press. pp. 38–41. ISBN 9780252094460.
- ^ Hazzard-Donald (2011). "Hoodoo Religion and American Dance Traditions: Rethinking the Ring Shout" (PDF). Journal of Pan African Studies. 4 (6): 195. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
- ^ "African Religion in America". Harvard University. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
- ^ Wood, Funlayo (2013). "Sacred Healing and Wholeness in Africa and the Americas". Journal of Africana Religions. 1 (30): 376–427. doi:10.5325/jafrireli.1.3.0376. JSTOR 10.5325/jafrireli.1.3.0376. S2CID 146450832. Retrieved 13 August 2022.
- ^ "NPS Ethnography: African American Heritage & Ethnography". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2022-11-29.